consider that the Canadian dollar (i.e. fiat currency) we use to conduct everyday buy and sell transactions has no intrinsic value other than that bestowed upon it by government, the concept of electronic money begins to take shape.
Bitcoin and altcoins such as Ether, Litecoin and XRP are somewhat similar to fiat currencies. Simply put, their intrinsic value is tied to the value placed on them by users.
Other factors that determine cryptocurrency values include their supply, demand, acceptability, cost of mining them, and government regulation or lack thereof.
Read on to learn about Bitcoin, how to trade it in Canada, and whether it is safe.
Bitcoin is what comes to mind when you think about digital currencies. It is a cryptocurrency that was invented in 2008 by a person or group of persons known as Satoshi Nakamoto.
The ‘crypto’ in cryptocurrency refers to the use of cryptography to create new units of cryptocurrency as well as verify and secure transactions on the peer-to-peer network.
Since Bitcoin is decentralized, no Central Bank or intermediary is involved and the system relies on technology and code. This decentralization has also made it a target of hackers and it has been used to fund various illegal activities including terrorism and money laundering.
New Bitcoin is created by Bitcoin miners who use high-speed computers to solve complex mathematical problems.
In exchange for adding new records to the public ledger (also called Blockchain) and verifying transactions in the network, a miner is rewarded with Bitcoin tokens.
The maximum amount of Bitcoin that can ever be mined is 21 million. You can purchase very small units of Bitcoin, with the smallest amount equal to 0.00000001 BTC (also referred to as 1 Satoshi).
Bitcoin is traded under the symbol BTC or XBT and its value changes all through the day similar to stock prices on an exchange.
The highest value of 1 Bitcoin was reached on December 17, 2017, when it sold for an all-time high of $19,783.06 USD.
The top-10 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization as of September 24, 2020, are:
There are several ways to get your hands on Bitcoin in Canada.
Your options include buying it from an online cryptocurrency broker or trading platform (e.g. Wealthsimple Crypto and MogoCrypto), a cryptocurrency exchange (e.g. Coinsquare and Bitbuy), or at a Bitcoin ATM.
There are also ways to purchase Bitcoin through peer-to-peer (P2P) networks or Over-the-Counter (OTC).
Wealthsimple Crypto is the first regulated cryptocurrency platform in Canada, having received authorization to operate by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA).
If you are not familiar with Wealthsimple, it is the most popular online wealth management platform in Canada.
Wealthsimple Crypto is a simple and secure way to buy and sell Bitcoin and Ethereum right from your phone. Its UX is particularly optimized for beginners who are new to digital currency trading.
After signing up for a Wealthsimple Crypto account and funding your account, you are able to trade cryptocurrency via the app in just a few clicks.
Wealthsimple Crypto works like a broker. When you put in an order to purchase or sell crypto, they connect you to a market maker(s) who finds the best price available on the largest exchanges.
Your crypto holdings are then held with a regulated custodian (Gemini) which keeps your cryptocurrency secure in cold storage.
The cryptocurrency market does not sleep, so you can make Bitcoin and Ethereum trades 24/7 using the Wealthsimple Crypto app.
Cryptocurrency trading is very risky, so there is that.
With regards to the security afforded your account, Wealthsimple Digital Assets (the company offering Wealthsimple Crypto) is registered as a restricted dealer in all jurisdictions of Canada except Quebec. In Quebec, the company is registered as a derivatives dealer.
Your Crypto assets (i.e. Bitcoin and Ethereum) are held in cold storage by Gemini Trust Company LLC. Gemini uses FIPS 140-2 Level 3-rated or higher hardware security modules (HSMs) and is subject to regulation by the New York Department of Financial Services.
Gemini has $200 million in cold storage insurance. Its CEO and President are the Winklevoss twins (co-founders of Facebook).
This account offers several benefits including:
Downsides of Wealthsimple Crypto include:
To open an account, you must be at least 18 years of age, have a social insurance number, and be a resident of Canada.
If you are not already a Wealthsimple client, you will also need to verify your identity in line with FINTRAC (Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada) requirements.
MogoCrypto is a cryptocurrency trading platform in Canada. In addition to cryptotrading, Mogo also offers other products including:
Mogo is a Canadian financial technology company with offices in Vancouver, Surrey and Winnipeg. The parent company, Mogo Inc., is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange and NASDAQ.
Similar to Wealthsimple Crypto, MogoCrypto functions as a broker that makes it easy to purchase cryptocurrency in just a few clicks.
MogoCrypto only offers trading in Bitcoin and Mogo members can place trades using the Mogo app or portal.
To gain access to the platform, sign up for a Mogo Account (takes about 3 minutes). After, you can fund your account using Interac e-Transfer.
MogoCrypto uses Coinsquare (goNumerical Ltd.) to facilitate purchases and sales of Bitcoin and to hold it.
The benefits and downsides of trading Bitcoin with MogoCrypto are as follows:
It bears repeating that trading cryptocurrency is a high-risk gamble. You may win big, or lose a lot of money.
Mogo Inc. is a legitimate company in Canada with an A+ rating on the Bettter Business Bureau. Your MogoCrypto assets are held with Coinsquare, an exchange that has been around since 2015.
Coinsquare uses SSL and 2FA plus 95% cold storage to protect your account.
The company recently ran afoul of the Ontario Securities Commission and both the founder and CEO had to step down.
Binance is one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in the world with an average volume of $2 billion in trades per day.
The company was founded by Changpeng Zhao and is based in Malta.
Binance also offers an OTC platfform for large trades.
Bitbuy is a Canadian cryptocurrency trading platform founded in 2013 and based in Toronto. It offers trading in Bitcoin, Litecoin, XRP, Stellar, EOS, and Bitcoin Cash.
Bitbuy is a registered Money Services Business (MSB) by FINTRAC.
Coinmama is a popular cryptocurrency vendor platform founded in 2013. It has millions of users and is available in 188 countries.
Users of the platform can buy 8 different currencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, XRP (Ripple), Bitcoin Cash, Cardano and Quantum.
You can buy various cryptocurrencies on Coinmama, but can only sell Bitcoin. Since it’s not a trading platform, you can only purchase crypto with fiat currency.
Coinbase is a cryptocurrency brokerage platform based in the United States and open to members from 102 countries.
It has over 1,000 emplyees, 35 million users, and has traded more than $200 billion worth of cryptocurrency.
Coinbase has a crypto exchange, Coinbase Pro, with lower trading fees, charting tools, and advanced options.
You can purchase Bitcoin at a vending machine specifically designed for buying and selling cryptocurrency. Generally, you should already have a Bitcoin address where your Bitcoin will be deposited and you pay using cash.
Some Bitcoin ATMs also allow you to exchange Bitcoin for cash.
The commissions charged by Bitcoin ATMs are typically higher than what you’d pay on an exchange.
As of this writing (September 2020), there are 891 Bitcoin ATMs in Canada. You can locate the ones in your area here.
Bitcoin is stored on a wallet which can be installed on your computer or phone. You can also use a hardware wallet or even a paper wallet.
A wallet works like a traditional wallet or bank account and contains your private and public keys.
Your public key is the string of alphanumeric symbols you provide to someone who is sending you Bitcoin. Your private key is what gives you access to your coins and you should guard it carefully.
If your private key is compromised, you can lose all your funds.
The four main types of Bitcoin wallet are:
Hardware wallets are offline (aka cold storage) and are the most secure types of wallets available. They can be a bit expensive compared to software wallets.
You can also simply print off your private and public keys and corresponding QR codes on paper and store it in a safe place.
It is legal to buy, sell, and spend Bitcoin in Canada. However, the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada wants you to know that Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are not legal tender in Canada.
Only bank notes issued by the Bank of Canada under the Bank of Canada Act and coins issued under the Royal Canadian Mint Act are considered to be legal tender.
This does not stop you from using Bitcoin to pay for goods and services wherever it is accepted as a means of payment.
Also, it is perfectly legal to buy and sell Bitcoin and make a profit or capital gain when you sell your coin for more than you paid for it.
If you are tech savvy enough to indulge in Bitcoin mining, this activity is also legal in Canada. I should note that as the competition as increased over time, Bitcoin mining has become a lot more expensive.
Bitcoin is a speculative investment and you should not trade it using funds you cannot afford to lose.
Having lost thousands of dollars day-trading S&P 500, NASDAQ, and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) e-mini futures in the early 2000’s, I’m no stranger to speculative investments and high-risk trading.
These days, only a negligible portion of my net worth goes towards non-traditional assets (e.g. Bitcoin and P2P lending). My portfolio is largely composed of hassle-free one-ticket ETFs.
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies can make you a lot of money, but you can also lose 100% of your investments.
A good example of how this can happen is Quadriga. When this crytocurrency exchange went belly-up in 2019 following the alleged death of its founder, Gerald Cotten, customers lost $215 million.
I lost approximately $600 or so in Ether when this happened.
In addition to unscrupulous exchanges, there is also a challenge with hackers who steal Bitcoin from exchanges through ransomware and other fraudulent means.
In order to decrease the chances that you could lose your funds, use a regulated cryptocurrency trading platform and avoid leaving your Bitcoin in a hot wallet.
There are many advantages and disadvantages of trading Bitcoin in Canada.
Gains from cryptocurrency trading are taxable in Canada. As per the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), cryptocurrency is treated like a commodity under the Income Tax Act.
How you report the gains or income from digital currencies depends on whether you are:
Let us start with the business owner who accepts Bitcoin as a means of payment. In this case, tha value of Bitcoin received is reported as business income for tax purposes.
In order to figure out the value of the transaction, you can use the exchange rate available at the time of the transaction in Canadian dollars.
If your business is registered to collect GST/HST, you must also collect and remit this tax amount.
Infrequent Bitcoin users may also have to pay taxes on Bitcoin usage.
For example, if you bought Bitcoin in order to pay for goods and services and it increases in value, you are required to declare a capital gain when you dispose of it. The same applies to buy and hold investors.
Capital gains are taxed differently from income. Only 50% of your gains is added to your taxable income for the year.
If you incur a loss, it is treated as a capital loss and can be offset against capital gains for the year or any of the preceeding three years.
If CRA classifies you as a day trader based on the nature of and frequency of your transactions, your profits may be taxable as business income.
Cryptocurrency miners who are deemed to be conducting a business will have to report profits as taxable income.
There are many angles to how the CRA considers cryptocurrency profits. For instance, taxable income or capital gains may also be generated when you exchange one cryptocurrency for another e.g. Bitcoin for Ethereum.
You can check this CRA guide for more information.
Have you traded any crytocurrencies since they took to the airwaves? Let us know about your experiences in the comments.
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