It’s been brewing for some time, but 2021 is finally seeing established payment companies take the opportunities of cryptocurrency seriously, and among those leading the pack is Visa V . 

An industry that was previously plagued by volatility and speculation is beginning to see its enterprise-friendly side blossoming, and according to the card network, the opportunities are abundant. 

“The world of digital currencies and crypto has moved and evolved quite significantly since the 2009 launch of Bitcoin,” explains Nikola Plecas, head of new payment flows, Visa Consulting and Analytics, Europe at Visa. 

“Visa's strategy is to be a network of networks and really be able to originate and terminate new payment flows outside of card rails. We have made tremendous push into these new flows over the last couple of years with products such as B2B Connect, Visa Direct, Push to Pay – and digital currencies naturally fall into that category.”

However, this doesn’t mean that the world’s most famous cryptocurrency – Bitcoin – features heavily in the card network’s plans. Instead, Visa characterises the industry as made up of two distinct groups: conventional, untethered cryptocurrencies and fiat currency-backed digital currencies, often known as stablecoins, which are attracting greater interest from institutional and government organizations despite currently a smaller part of the overall market.

The former is seen by the company as a tradeable asset with limited industry potential – CEO Alfred Kelly described it as “digital gold” in the company’s Q2 2021 earnings call. However, the latter is where Visa sees significant potential for payments.

“We see these as having the potential to be used by consumers and merchants in the same way as existing fiat currencies are,” says Plecas. “And when it comes to areas of opportunity, there are many for organizations such as ours.”

While many use the terms cryptocurrency and digital currency interchangeably, Visa has chosen to characterize the area it is focusing on – the stablecoin side of the industry – as digital currencies. 

Visa’s digital currency efforts currently fall into five areas. Some of these are well-established and already contributing to the company’s revenue growth, while others are in the early stages and are unlikely to make a meaningful impact on Visa’s top line in the near future. However, they together represent a long-term view of the market.

The first is perhaps the most obvious: making it easy for consumers to buy cryptocurrencies, which has involved working with wallets and exchanges “drive acceptance”. This area earned a mention in Visa’s most recent earnings call as being the second biggest contributor of growth in its card-not-present excluding travel segment – the biggest growth was the surge in ecommerce.

Second is a natural progression from the first: enabling cryptocurrency to be cashed out to fiat. 

“We want to make sure that you as a consumer, once you exit your cryptocurrency positions in exchanges and wallets can cash onto a Visa credential and then start spending at any of our 70 million-plus merchant endpoints,” says Plecas.

While those two are in full swing, a newer development is the third pillar, which is the use of digital currency APIs to enable banks and neobanks to add cryptocurrency options for their clients. This is in the early stages, with US neobank First Boulevard becoming the pilot customer earlier this year, however Plecas highlights that Visa is “looking to extend to other markets and regions” with the product.

“We quickly realized that there's potential to be the next gen of neobanks,” he explains. “They're also doing a lot of their treasury operations, paying vendors and employees already in stablecoins.”

In order to do this, the company needed to enable customers to “stay within their ecosystem when they also settled their obligations” with Visa, which is where pillar four, settlement in stablecoins comes in. This has seen Visa settle its first transaction in a stablecoin, US dollar-tethered USDC, this year. 

“Settling in USDC is very similar to settling in USD,” he explains.

“What we've done is an upgrade of existing treasury infrastructure operations to be able to receive these assets, because actually receiving them is now done through public blockchain rails. And as time evolves, we want to support other stablecoins.”

The final pillar, however, is the most long-term: central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). According to the Bank for International Settlements, 86% of the world’s central banks are now considering the launch of CBDCs of one form or another, with more than one in ten currently engaged in pilots. 

CBDCs have a variety of benefits, including the potential to better reach the underbanked, and Visa argues that their implementation will require public-private partnerships.

“That way, they will be integrated in the right way into the existing payments' ecosystem,” says Plecas.

“At Visa, we want to make sure that our products and services are acting as a bridge between our existing clients and the new clients and blockchain rails involved with digital currencies.”

While much of this is focused on the consumer side of cryptocurrency and digital currencies, Visa also sees significant potential in B2B payments.

“B2B is an area of high growth, high importance and high interest to all of Visa. And we see that digital currencies can supplement and compliment some of the existing solutions that we have in the space,” says Plecas.

However, while digital currencies can impact the B2B space, and in some cases are already doing so, broader institutional adoption is likely to take time. 

Nevertheless, in areas with poor infrastructure, the potential of CBDCs in particular is strong for B2B.

“In some countries the infrastructure is just not there yet, and for these types of countries and regions, digital currencies can complement what we already have.”

One of the areas that is often raised in digital currency discussions is cross-border payments, with many citing potential speed and cost benefits. However, Plecas stresses that while there is potential, it is not a simple clean fix.

“The cross-border space is highly complex, and it has a large number of actors who are trying to solve for consumer experience in terms of end user price and time efficiency,” he says.

“It's not easy to solve for this, even if you're trying new technologies that would give you some advantages theoretically with this aspect.”

However, he says Visa sees particular opportunities in global marketplaces that bring together buyers and sellers from different currencies.

“In those instances, potentially digital currencies can help them reach some of these markets in a more time and cost efficient way.”

Daniel is Founder and CEO of FXC Intelligence, a financial data company specializing in the cross-border payments, cards and ecommerce industries. Daniel is a leading

Daniel is Founder and CEO of FXC Intelligence, a financial data company specializing in the cross-border payments, cards and ecommerce industries. Daniel is a leading influencer in the cross-border payments space globally. He is frequently invited to speak at industry conferences and provide insights and data on the sector. His weekly industry newsletter is the most widely read in the international payments market.

In this article, we discuss the 10 best cryptocurrency startups to watch. If you want to skip our detailed analysis of these startups, go directly to the 5 Best Cryptocurrency Startups to Watch.

Cryptocurrencies have exploded in value from humble beginnings in 2009 when Bitcoin, the most popular cryptocurrency in the world today that touched a market capitalization of more than $1 trillion towards the end of February, was created and launched as the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Since 2012, Bitcoin has gained more than 193,000% in value and accelerated the launch of hundreds of different types of cryptocurrencies. By 2026, the market size for cryptocurrencies is expected to cross $1 trillion in value.

There is little doubt that crypto-related ventures are some of the hottest items in the technology sector. Many big companies who want to integrate revolutionary new technology onto their platforms or just want some exposure to the industry are funding crypto startups. Big tech names such as Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG ) and Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN ) are part of this list, along with payments giant PayPal Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: PYPL ). Hedge funds and retail investors are jumping on the crypto gravy train as well.

Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG) has invested in Blockchain.com, one of the largest online crypto platforms in the world. Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) owner Jeff Bezos has backed Chipper Cash, a fintech company based in Africa that has rapidly gained popularity across the continent and is now looking to expand overseas. PayPal Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: PYPL) earlier this year announced that it was in the process of allowing hundreds of millions of users on its platform to checkout with cryptocurrencies.

As consumer confidence in crypto offerings increases through institutional investments and it becomes clear that crypto is indeed the future of financial services in a digital world, startups that aim to solve crypto-related problems in the market have been gaining in popularity. Cybersecurity, health, and coin exchanges are some of the key segments that investors should monitor as they offer explosive growth potential in the crypto market. It remains to be seen whether the wider finance world, stil reliant on fiat, can weather these tailwinds.

The entire hedge fund industry is feeling the reverberations of the changing financial landscape. Its reputation has been tarnished in the last decade, during which its hedged returns couldn’t keep up with the unhedged returns of the market indices. On the other hand, Insider Monkey’s research was able to identify in advance a select group of hedge fund holdings that outperformed the S&P 500 ETFs by more than 124 percentage points since March 2017. Between March 2017 and February 26th 2021 our monthly newsletter’s stock picks returned 197.2%, vs. 72.4% for the SPY. Our stock picks outperformed the market by more than 124 percentage points (see the details here). We were also able to identify in advance a select group of hedge fund holdings that significantly underperformed the market. We have been tracking and sharing the list of these stocks since February 2017 and they lost 13% through November 16th. That’s why we believe hedge fund sentiment is an extremely useful indicator that investors should pay attention to. You can subscribe to our free newsletter on our homepage to receive our stories in your inbox.

Photo by Mario Gogh on Unsplash

With this context in mind, here is our list of the 10 best cryptocurrency startups to watch. These startups were selected keeping in mind the crypto-related problems they aim to solve, the quality of products or services they offer, and their basic business model underpinning the earnings philosophy.

CoinSwitch Kuber is a cryptocurrency exchange primarily facilitating crypto transactions in India. In late April, the firm raised $25 million in funding from Tiger Global Management LLC , the New York-based hedge fund with $43 billion in assets under management. With the latest funding, the company is now valued at over $500 million. Scott Shleifer, a partner at the hedge fund, has told news media in India that the fund is excited to partner with a firm that is well positioned to cash in on the crypto boom among retail investors in the country.

Chase Coleman of Tiger Global

Previously, the crypto exchange had also raised funding from Paradigm, an investment firm founded by Fred Ehrsam. Ehrsam is one of the founders of Coinbase Global, Inc. (NASDAQ: COIN ), the largest crypto exchange in the world.

Coinbase Global, Inc. (NASDAQ: COIN) went public in April in one of the biggest IPOs of the year so far, ending the first day of trading with a market cap of $86 billion.

Coinbase Global, Inc. (NASDAQ: COIN) has earned bullish ratings from many investment advisories in recent weeks even as crypto stocks tumble with the fall in price of Bitcoin.

Just like Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG), Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN), and PayPal Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: PYPL), Coinbase Global, Inc. (NASDAQ: COIN) is one of the best crypto stocks to watch.

Bitwise Asset Management is a cryptocurrency index fund manager offering clients exposure to crypto investments. Recently, the fund raised $70 million in a Series B funding round led by big names in the hedge fund industry such as Stanley Druckenmiller, who runs Duquesne Capital , and David McCormick, the CEO of Bridgewater Associates. The crypto fund manages more than $1.2 billion in assets and has plans for aggressive expansion in the coming months, CEO Hunter Horsley trying to double the size of his team by the end of the year.

The backing of institutions like Duquesne Capital, one of the leading investment firms in the US with more than $3 billion in assets under management, will help crypto-related offerings gain wider acceptance. A top holding of Duquesne Capital is Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT ), which is also bullish on the crypto industry.

Out of the hedge funds being tracked by Insider Monkey, Washington-based investment firm Fisher Asset Managemen t is a leading shareholder in Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) with 23.3 million shares worth more than $5.2 billion.

Just like Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG), Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN), and PayPal Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: PYPL), Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is one of the best crypto stocks to watch.

Fetch.AI Limited is an artificial intelligence (AI) company that markets AI solutions for blockchain networks. In late March, the company launched a new version of its Mainnet network with 30 validators that included Outlier Ventures, Forbole, and InfStones, among others. The company has so managed to raise more than $26 million in three funding rounds.

GDA Group and Outlier Ventures have contributed to these rounds. The company is based in the United Kingdom and is placed eight on our list of 10 best cryptocurrency startups to watch.

Another firm with a thriving artificial intelligence business is Baidu, Inc. (NASDAQ: BIDU ), the Chinese technology company that operates the leading internet search engine in the country. The artificial intelligence unit of Baidu, Inc. (NASDAQ: BIDU) was recently called undervalued by investment advisory Daiwa.

At the end of the first quarter of 2021, 89 hedge funds in the database of Insider Monkey held stakes worth $6.5 billion in Baidu, Inc. (NASDAQ: BIDU), up from 51 in the preceding quarter worth $4.6 billion.

Just like Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG), Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN), and PayPal Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: PYPL), Baidu, Inc. (NASDAQ: BIDU) is one of the best crypto stocks to watch.

Provenance is a company that markets supply chain and product transparency. It operates software that uses blockchain, mobile, and other open sources of data to provide users with the origin, tracking, and impact of products. It has raised more than $1.2 million in funding so far over five rounds. Digital Currency Group and Working Capital Fund are some of the big names that have invested in the company. The company is based in San Francisco and is ranked seventh on our list of 10 best cryptocurrency startups to watch.

A company that operates on a similar business model to Provenance is MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ: MDB), the software company providing commercial support for source-available databases. MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ: MDB) recently beat market predictions on earnings per share and revenue for the first quarter of 2021.

Out of the hedge funds being tracked by Insider Monkey, Boston-based investment firm Whale Rock Capital Management is a leading shareholder in MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ: MDB) with 1.2 million shares worth more than $338 million.

Just like Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG), Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN), and PayPal Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: PYPL), MongoDB, Inc. (NASDAQ: MDB) is one of the best crypto stocks to watch.

Solve.Care is a company that markets a decentralized blockchain platform for healthcare and related services. The firm links patients to health professionals and coordinates all kinds of benefits, care packages, payments within the system using a smart blockchain contract. It has so far managed to win the backing of several big insurance companies as the platform of the firm can be used to settle different kinds of insurance claims quickly and cheaply. The company has so far raised $30 million in funding over two rounds.

Another company making waves in the healthcare sector with the innovative use of new technology is Teladoc Health, Inc. (NYSE: TDOC), the telehealth stock that has seen a flurry of hedge fund interest in recent months as the coronavirus lockdowns helped the company grow dramatically with people opting to consult health professionals online instead of making the trip to a doctor.

At the end of the first quarter of 2021, 42 hedge funds in the database of Insider Monkey held stakes worth $3.3 billion in Teladoc Health, Inc. (NYSE: TDOC), down from 50 in the previous quarter worth $2.6 billion.

Click to continue reading and see 5 Best Cryptocurrency Startups to Watch.

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Disclose. None. 10 Best Cryptocurrency Startups to Watch is originally published on Insider Monkey.

By Richard Eisenberg, <strong 101/">Next Avenue Editor

Until now, we've never published a Next Avenue article about cryptocurrency or Bitcoin or the blockchain and, as the editor of our Money channel, I'm the reason why.

Frankly, I've felt that the Bitcoin digital currency and other cryptocurrencies were, at best, extremely volatile and risky investments (did I mention the price of a Bitcoin coin went from $10,764 in September 2020 to $64,829 in April 2021 and is now down to $40,000?) and, at worst, sometimes sketchy. I figured the cryptocurrency craze would fade. I was wrong about that last part.

So, here are the basics on the blockchain and Bitcoin and how to invest (just a little!) in cryptocurrencies, pulled from the new episode of the "Friends Talk Money" podcast I co-host with personal finance writer Terry Savage and public media's MoneyTrack host and Wealthramp.com founder Pam Krueger. (You can download the podcast from your favorite podcast distributor.)

Fact is, lots of smart financial analysts — like Ark Invest's Cathie Wood — have become big believers in cryptocurrency.

Some have come around to become, if not crypto fans, then at least no longer deniers. In 2018, legendary investor Warren Buffett called Bitcoin "probably rat poison squared." But his company recently put $500 million into Nubank, the parent company of the digital bank selling cryptocurrency products.

And why should you care about Bitcoin and the blockchain?

Well, the GlobalData analytics company just predicted that revenue from blockchain platforms and services will soar from $4 billion in 2020 to $199 billion by 2030. According to a survey by Motley Fool's service The Ascent, 21 million Americans — 14% of adults — own Bitcoin, which has been around since 2009; half of them bought it during the last 12 months. And, for what it's worth, El Salvador just became the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender, and the payment app Venmo now lets customers buy or sell cryptocurrencies.

"I see the blockchain technology on which cryptocurrency is built as being transformative," Krueger said on the podcast. Some compare the impact of Bitcoin on the financial world with the way the internet disrupted music and publishing.

Krueger said that a year ago, when she asked Wealthramp's 250 fee-only advisers whether they'd recommend clients invest in cryptocurrencies, "almost all of them said, 'Not yet.'" But she surveyed them in June 2021 "and I would say that there's a shift in the mindset of the whole group." In other words, they now think their clients should consider owning a little crypto if they're interested.

For a primer on all this, let me try to make crypto less cryptic by offering a few questions that may be on your mind and answers to them.

What is the blockchain, what is Bitcoin and what is cryptocurrency?

Here's how Savage explained them on the "Friends Talk Money" podcast:

"The blockchain ledger is a computer program. Think of it as the behind-the-scenes backbone where all [financial] transactions are securely recorded without any intermediaries in a ledger that every participant can see, but no one can change unless by an authorized transaction recorded on this blockchain," said Savage.

Savage conceded that definition might sound "clear as mud," so she offered an analogy that might help.

"When you buy a house, you get title insurance to make sure that no one else has filed a claim to the property. And that's why we have title insurance companies and we pay a fee to them," Savage noted. "But if all the title changes were recorded on the blockchain, there would be no need for this insurance or for the title insurance companies… The registration would be immutable and visible on the blockchain ledger."

With the blockchain's peer-to-peer transactions, she said, you don't need a financial intermediary, a bank, a currency exchange or even a government. "Think about the implications of that kind of medium of exchange," said Savage.

And what does this have to do with Bitcoin, Dogecoin (a meme-inspired crypto), Ethereum (billionaire investor and "Shark Tank" star Mark Cuban is a fan) and other cryptocurrencies?

Savage said: "You could use this blockchain ledger technology as a basis for all kinds of completely secure transactions, like property transactions. But the most popular use is with the so-called cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin." Bitcoin records transactions in the blockchain.

There are thousands of other cryptocurrencies, Savage added, but "many of those are started by complete scammers." Consumers lost almost $82 million in crypto scams during the fourth quarter of 2020 and the first quarter of 2021, according to the Federal Trade Commission.

So, how do you buy cryptocurrencies — if you dare?

Savage's first rule: "If you're going to buy a cryptocurrency, stick with the best-known ones [like Bitcoin]. That doesn't mean you won't lose money on the price fluctuations, but it means you're not just throwing your money into a black hole."

And that led to another of Savage's rules: Buy cryptocurrency on a legitimate crypto exchange like Coinbase or Kraken, or through an ATM that sells it — though ATM fees to do so are steep. (Coinbase isn't that machine in supermarkets where you exchange your loose change for bills, I joked on the podcast; that's Coinstar.)

Alternatively, you could invest in a blockchain Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) that either invests in companies involved in blockchain technology or invests in futures or options pegged to the performance of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or crypto investment products from asset managers.

Is buying Bitcoin investing or speculating?

It's a speculation, since there's no intrinsic correct value for it. Bitcoin is worth what people decide it's worth each day.

But there seems to be strong long-term potential for a rise in Bitcoin's value, since businesses like banks, Microsoft MSFT and Tesla TSLA accept it (CEO Elon Musk's musings on Bitcoin often lead to wild fluctuations) and it looks like more will, over time. And, as Savage noted, the Federal Reserve is studying developing a digital currency.

How big a portion of my investment portfolio should I put into Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies or businesses related to them?

Here's what Kraken.com Chief Product Officer Jeremy Wells told the "Friends Talk Money" hosts: "I just generally encourage everyone to kind of explore the space a little bit. There's no need to put an entire paycheck into cryptocurrency."

So, the "Friends Talk Money" co-hosts said, maybe you might put 3% of your total portfolio into crypto; maybe less. I'm starting to think of it as a new way to diversify your investment portfolio, the way you might do with your stocks by buying international stocks of companies in countries with emerging economies.

Incidentally, you don't have to buy an entire Bitcoin. Crypto exchanges let you purchase a fraction — even as little as $5 or $10 worth.

But think of this type of investment as money you can lose — and very well might. Mad money meet mad crypto.

Dennis Chookazian, a futurist and longtime cryptocurrency analyst, told "Friends Talk Money" that Bitcoin and its ilk are "entertainment assets" that provide "psychic income."

His advice: "You shouldn't buy it with any money that you need for your children's education or something like that…You should not buy cryptocurrencies with money that you absolutely can't afford to lose."

Krueger calls investing in cryptocurrencies "emotional gambling," adding that "anytime you put money into something based on your emotions, it's the fastest way to lose money."

But, she noted, "it's kind of fun to learn about." And, Krueger said, she owns some Bitcoin and digital tokens Ethereum and Cardano.

Next Avenue is public media’s first and only national journalism service for America’s booming older population. Our daily content delivers vital ideas, context and

Next Avenue is public media’s first and only national journalism service for America’s booming older population. Our daily content delivers vital ideas, context and perspectives on issues that matter most as we age.

What do Vladimir Putin and Burger King have in common? 

For starters, they both have a cryptocurrency named after them. Actually, PutinCoin and Whoppercoin might be the only thing they have in common. But their namesake cryptocurrencies are among the thousands of different virtual currencies making up a growing marketplace grabbing investors’ attention.

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum have a growing track record of holding and increasing in value over time, though recent dips have wracked the market, while lesser-known cryptos are considered much more speculative and unpredictable. And while PutinCoin and Whoppercoin belong to a category of cryptocurrencies marked more for their absurdity than their potential as either an investment or cryptocurrency, they show just how unique different types of cryptocurrencies can be.

Here’s Where to Start:10 Most Popular CryptocurrenciesDecentralized FinanceDigital GoldDigital Cash or Internet MoneySoftware Platforms Stablecoin or Digital FiatMemecoins, and Other Strange Cryptocurrencies

In general, cryptocurrencies can be grouped by utility: What is the purpose of the cryptocurrency? What is its value proposition? What is it for?

“They all have different utilities, they all have different founders who have different visions for where that cryptocurrency is going,” says Mike Uehlein, founder and financial planner of WealthU advisors. Uehlein regularly talks to clients about investing in cryptocurrency. 

10 Most Popular Cryptocurrencies

There are thousands of cryptocurrencies, most with very little value and unclear potential. Many advisors recommend investors stick to Bitcoin and Ethereum — if any — and pass on the smaller cryptos. 

Leading cryptocurrency news outlet CoinDesk maintains a Coindesk 20 list of the most popular cryptocurrencies currently being bought and sold. This list includes cryptocurrency assets and networks by their most common names. Some, like Bitcoin (BTC), have one name for both the blockchain network and the cryptocurrency. Others, like Ethereum, are named for the broader blockchain network, but have a different name for their associated native cryptocurrency (Ether, or ETC, in the case of Ethereum).

Updated quarterly, the list ranks cryptocurrencies based on dollar volume and other data from third-party cryptocurrency exchanges, where people can buy and sell different iswapPolkadotUSD Coin

Note: This top 10 list was last updated — using the Coindesk 20 — on May 26, 2021. 

Bitcoin

As the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin (BTC) is also the most popular and highly valued, despite high volatility over the course of its history. Bitcoin was initially created to be used as a digital payment system, but experts say it is still too volatile to be used for that.Ethereum

Ether (ETH) is the cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network, an open-source blockchain upon which developers can build apps and other cryptocurrencies. It’s also the second largest cryptocurrency by market cap, behind Bitcoin. Ether’s value has risen sharply since its creation in 2013, to nearly $3,000 for one token as of late May, but still lags well behind Bitcoin’s value of nearly $40,000 per coin. 

XRP

XRP is the cryptocurrency of the Ripple digital payment network. Built for digital payments, XRP touts itself as a faster and more efficient way to power global payments. Ripple and XRP also allow for third-party development on other uses for XRP.

Tether

Tether (USDT) is a fiat currency tied to the U.S. dollar. This keeps its value more stable, allowing Tether to present itself as a stable cryptocurrency alternative to cash deposits and withdrawals. Amid high volatility with other cryptocurrencies, Tether’s value hovers around $1 on account of its tie to the U.S. dollar.

Cardano

Cardano (ADA) uses a technology called Ouroboros, a peer-reviewed blockchain protocol. It describes itself as a more secure and scalable way to maintain decentralization.

Stellar

Stellar’s native cryptocurrency is the Lumen (XLM). Stellar is designed as an “open network for storing and moving money” that allows people to create, send, and trade digital money. It’s designed to sell and trade all digital monies, not just Stellar’s own associated cryptocurrency, the Lumen — although you’ll need to own some Lumen to make transactions.

Chainlink

Chainlink (LINK) uses “real-world data and off-chain computation while maintaining security and reliability,” according to its website.

Uniswap

Uniswap (UNI) is a decentralized crypto exchange that operates on Ethereum’s blockchain. Its developers promise to get rid of unnecessary intermediaries, which it says gives users more control.

Polkadot

Polkadot (DOT) says its mission includes allowing different blockchains to exchange information and transactions with one another. Its website plays up data and identity security and users being in control.

USD Coin

USD Coin (USDC) describes itself as “the world’s digital dollar.” Created by a global financial firm called Circle, USDC is the result of work that has been invested in by Goldman Sachs, Baidu, and IDG Capital, among others. USD Coin is tied to the U.S. Dollar, which makes its price much more stable than other cryptocurrencies. That stability lends itself more toward digital payments, while other cryptocurrencies have more potential to increase in value as investments (along with more risk of losing value, of course).

Bitcoin Cash 

Bitcoin Cash is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, which was the original intention of Bitcoin. The currency allows you to send money anywhere for very low fees.

While each of these top cryptocurrencies is unique in its own way, they all tie into an underlying principle called  decentralized finance (DeFi). 

Decentralized Finance 

In its simplest terms, decentralized finance refers to financial activities conducted without the involvement of a traditional bank. 

Think about all of the activities in which you’d normally use a bank or some other financial institution — getting a loan, insurance, investing, even using a credit card. “All of these [activities] are traditional-finance based and have intermediary companies,” says Ollie Leech, learn editor at CoinDesk. “Now people are creating these products in a completely autonomous way with [cryptocurrencies].”

It can seem counterintuitive — where else would you go for a loan, if not an established lender? But that’s one of the appeals to DeFi, says Leech. 

In the same way people have increasingly brought “smart” technology into their homes, proponents say cryptocurrency has potential to automate and digitize more and more aspects of the financial system. The appeal of this happening outside the conventional — or centralized — finance system depends on who you ask. 

Many Americans may not understand the appeal of a finance system that operates beyond government control. But things can be very different in countries with less financial stability, says Roger Aliaga-Díaz, principal and senior economist with Vanguard Investment Strategy Group. If cryptocurrencies offer as much or more stability as a given national currency, it’s an entirely different equation than if your national currency is the safe and stable U.S. dollar.

Just like there are different types of accounts and tools in conventional finance — from savings accounts to investment accounts to credit cards — that are used for different purposes, different cryptocurrencies can have similarly unique uses in this emerging decentralized finance system.

Instead of going to a bank to draw out a loan, you might “go to a decentralized application that’s not owned or operated by anyone in particular,” says Leech. 

Where conventional loans involve humans at a bank who take part in processing, reviewing, and approving loans, a DeFi loan — with funding in the form of cryptocurrency — could run via app on a network like Ethereum with an algorithm processing it. The borrower would put up some cryptocurrency as collateral, which they’d get back minus interest when they repay the loan.

“The code runs autonomously using smart contracts,” Leech says. “So once the developers release the data they’re pretty much hands-off, and everything runs automatically so there’s no intermediary.” 

Ethereum’s website offers a comparison chart contrasting decentralized from traditional finance. Along with these technical differences, a big consideration to keep in mind is that the conventional financial system is regulated to serve the interests of everyday customers, while cryptocurrency and decentralized financial systems are largely unregulated, and subject to governance and oversight only by their creators/users.

Unlike the money kept in a bank account, money you have in crypto may not be FDIC insured. Some exchanges offer this insurance while others don’t — something you’ll want to look into before buying crypto from one or another. For exchanges that don’t offer this insurance, there’s no guarantee you will be repaid if there is a hack or the exchange goes out of business.

You hold your moneyMoney held by financial institutions Transfers happen in minutesPayments can take days to processTransactions are pseudonymous Financial activity is coupled to your identity (social security number, name, address, etc.)Market is always openMarket closes Built on transparency – anyone can inspect the systemFinancial institutions are closed books.comparison-table tr td:nth-child(){border-left: 10px solid #5bffb1;border-right: 10px solid #5bffb1;}.comparison-table tr:first-child td:nth-child(){border-top: 10px solid #5bffb1}.comparison-table tr:last-child td:nth-child(){border-bottom: 10px solid #5bffb1}

With that in mind, here are some of the broad categories of cryptocurrencies that tend to organize the market.

Gold

Digital gold refers to cryptocurrency comparable to real gold in its ability to store and increase in value. There’s a limited amount of gold on earth, in the same way that digital gold cryptocurrencies have a limited supply. 

“People buy gold not because they expect to be able to go to the store and spend it, but because they expect it to hold its value and maybe, probably, increase in value over time,” says Galen Moore, director of data and indexes at CoinDesk. 

The primary example of a digital gold cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, though that was not its original intention. Bitcoin was originally put forth as an electronic peer-to-peer cash system, but its volatility, among other things, limited its potential for that purpose. 

In use, such digital gold cryptocurrencies are bought and held, “for the same reason people would have diamonds, or some $100 bills, or some gold coins in a safe,” says Moore. Litecoin is another example — it’s been described as silver to Bitcoin’s gold.

Cash or Internet Money

Internet money is exactly what it sounds like — you use it to buy things over the internet. 

Bitcoin was originally intended to be digital cash, but speculation led to the creation of another cryptocurrency, Bitcoin Cash (a variation of Bitcoin). Bitcoin’s price was too volatile for it to be a suitable currency, which proponents for Bitcoin Cash argued was the entire point of the currency to begin with. 

“There was a big debate about what the future of Bitcoin was going to be. Was it gold or was it cash? The people who wanted it to be more like gold won out,” says Moore. The decision was a “turning point for Bitcoin where it really went down to be digital gold.” 

But the group that wanted Bitcoin to remain internet money split off — or forked, in crypto parlance — the currency and created Bitcoin Cash. The network is devoted to digital payments (with faster processing and lower fees). In these ways, Bitcoin Cash is “meant to be cash. That’s the value proposition,” says Moore.

Though Bitcoin Cash is designed and intended for transactions, its price is still volatile and probably not your best option for making or receiving payments. 

Software Platforms  

Ethereum represents another type of cryptocurrency: It operates as a cryptocurrency network and along with its native cryptocurrency, Ether, offers a programmable crypto environment for developers. Similar to how smartphones allow third-party apps to be downloaded and used, Ethereum allows developers to create “dapps” — Ethereum-based apps that tap into the network. 

Investors can buy Ether just like they can buy Bitcoin, hoping it increases in value. Ethereum’s programmable network allows for other, more customizable uses. One example is the creation of NFTs — nonfungible tokens — that caught the attention of people far beyond the cryptocurrency community this year. NFTs are Ethereum-based digital assets, which hold value based on demand and supply on the Ethereum network.  

Stablecoin or Digital Fiat

A stablecoin pegs its value to some other currency or commodity. A digital fiat represents a fiat, or government-backed, currency on the blockchain, says Moore. One of the most popular examples of a digital fiat is Tether, a cryptocurrency whose value is pegged to the U.S. dollar. 

Tether is a system that enables you to have a cash-like currency that is always worth $1 — but only on cryptocurrency exchanges. A digital fiat like Tether comes in handy when you want to quickly move your assets within a cryptocurrency exchange. For example, if you think the market for smaller, more unpredictable coins is going to crash, you might put your money in a stablecoin like Tether, and then buy back at a lower price after the crash, says Moore. 

Stablecoins enable the exchange to flow better, says Moore. Taking the previous example, you could theoretically cash out your smaller coins for actual dollars, and then reinvest those dollars after the crash, but it could take days to convert your coins into dollars and back again, says Moore. 

Memecoins, and Other Strange Cryptocurrencies

There are thousands of cryptocurrencies available. Many of them have little to no value, and no discernable value proposition, which lands them in the category of memecoins. Experts recommend avoiding investing in this category of coins and sticking with more well-known options like Bitcoin or Ethereum, if you decide to invest in crypto at all. 

Whoppercoin and PutinCoin fall into this category of cryptocurrencies, as does another famous memecoin of recent fame: Dogecoin. While Dogecoin has seen a rise in demand — and thus value — in recent weeks, it still is highly volatile, as evidenced by its drop in value when Tesla CEO Elon Musk made it the subject of a joke on a recent episode of “Saturday Night Live.”

Any cryptocurrency that’s not Bitcoin is referred to as an “altcoin.”

Bitcoin, Litecoin

Bitcoin Cash, XRP

Ethereum, Cardano, Polkadot

Tether, USD Coin

Dogecoin, PutinCoin, Whoppercoin

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Bitcoin, the original cryptocurrency, was launched in 2009. Today, there are thousands of cryptocurrencies with a total value of about $2 trillion. The surge in their prices earlier this year minted tens of thousands of cryptocurrency millionaires—at least on paper. Cryptocurrencies might turn out to be a massive speculative bubble that ends up hurting many naive investors. Indeed, many cryptocurrency fortunes have already evaporated with the recent plunge in prices. But whatever their ultimate fate, the ingenious technological innovations underpinning them will transform the nature of money and finance. Eswar Prasad Senior Fellow - Global Economy and Development Twitter EswarSPrasad

Cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and Ethereum were designed as a way to make payments without relying on traditional modes such as currency notes, debit cards, credit cards or checks. The bitcoin white paper, which set off the cryptocurrency revolution, envisions an electronic payment system that allows “any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party,” cutting governments and banks out of the financial loop. The website Pymnts claims, “Blockchain IS the future of the payments industry,” a reference to the computational technology that undergirds cryptocurrencies.

In fact, it has become very expensive and slow to conduct transactions using cryptocurrencies. It takes about 10 minutes for a bitcoin transaction to be validated, and the average fee for just one transaction was recently about $20. Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency, processes transactions slightly faster but also has high fees.

Moreover, wild swings in the values of most cryptocurrencies make them unreliable as a means of payment. In late April, the price of a Dogecoin was 20 cents. It tripled in the next two weeks and then fell to half that peak value ten days later. It is as though a $10 bill could buy you just a cup of coffee one day and a lavish meal at a fancy restaurant just a few weeks later. Even on a calmer, more typical day, the value of a major cryptocurrency such as Ethereum might fluctuate by 10 percent or more, making it too unstable to be practical. Recently, Elon Musk announced that Tesla would no longer accept bitcoin as a form of payment, reversing a policy it had implemented earlier in the year. The value of a single coin almost immediately plummeted. A Chinese crackdown on cryptocurrencies then briefly took another one-third off the price in just one day.

Investment funds in bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have proliferated. Even major banks such as Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley are getting into the game. And you would certainly have made a fantastic return if you had bought any of the major cryptocurrencies last year. A typical article in the Motley Fool debates not whether cryptocurrencies are a good investment but “which one is right for you.” The website Business Mole claims: “Even with adjustments made, Bitcoin and Ethereum are very profitable. It’s simple.”

But beware. Part of the allure seems to be that, like gold, the supply of most cryptocurrencies is tightly controlled (by the computer programs that manage them). For instance, about 18.5 million bitcoin have been created so far, and there will eventually be a maximum of 21 million bitcoin. This is a cap set by the computer program that manages the supply of the currency.

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Scarcity by itself is not, however, enough to create value—there has to be demand. Since cryptocurrencies cannot easily be used to make most payments and have no other intrinsic uses, the only reason they have value is because many people seem to think they are good investments. If that changed, their value could quickly drop to nothing.

Bitcoin is now seen as the granddaddy of cryptocurrencies, and investors (or speculators, more precisely) are piling into other cryptocurrencies such as Dogecoin. In 2019, Investopedia claimed that bitcoin was “losing its power as the driving force of the cryptocurrency world.” “Bitcoin And Ethereum Are Being Left In The Dust By Dogecoin,” reads a recent Forbes headline.

Dogecoin and other such cryptocurrencies, which are simply built around memes (Dogecoin, with its Shiba Inu dog mascot, references the “doge” meme), don’t even make a pretense of being usable in financial transactions. And there is no clear constraint on the supply of these coins, so their prices surge or crash on random events such as tweets from Musk. The valuations of meme currencies seem to be based entirely on the “greater fool” theory—all you need to do to profit from your investment is to find an even greater fool willing to pay a higher price than you paid for the digital coins.

Bitcoin’s technology does seem outdated compared with some of the newer cryptocurrencies that enable greater anonymity for users, faster transaction processing and more sophisticated technical features that facilitate automatic processing of complex financial transactions. For all its flaws, however, bitcoin remains dominant: It accounts for nearly half of the total value of all cryptocurrencies.

Morgan Stanley’s chief global strategist, Ruchir Sharma, has argued that bitcoin could end the dollar’s reign—or at least that the “digital currency poses a significant threat to [the] greenback’s supremacy.” A Financial Times headline proposes, even more ominously, that “Bitcoin’s rise reflects America’s decline.”

Cryptocurrencies are not backed by anything other than the faith of the people who own them. The dollar, by contrast, is backed by the U.S. government. Investors still trust the dollar, even in hard times. As one illustration, domestic and foreign investors continue to eagerly snap up trillions of dollars in U.S. Treasury securities even at low interest rates.

New cryptocurrencies called stablecoins aim to have stable values and therefore make it easier to conduct digital payments. Facebook plans to issue its own cryptocurrency, called Diem, that will be backed one for one with U.S. dollars, giving it a stable value. But the value of stablecoins comes precisely from their backing by government-issued currencies. So while dollars might become less important in making payments, the primacy of the U.S. dollar as a store of value will not be challenged.

Warren Buffett has compared cryptocurrencies to the 17th-century Dutch tulip craze, while Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey cautioned, “Buy them only if you’re prepared to lose all your money.” Economist Nouriel Roubini called bitcoin “the mother or father of all scams” and even criticized its underlying technology.

Cryptocurrencies may or may not persevere as speculative investment vehicles, but they are triggering transformative changes to money and finance. As the technology matures, stablecoins will hasten the ascendance of digital payments, ushering out paper currency. The prospect of competition from such private currencies has prodded central banks around the world to design digital versions of their currencies. The Bahamas has already rolled out a central bank digital currency, while countries like China, Japan and Sweden are conducting experiments with their own official digital money. The dollar bills in your wallet—if you still have any—could soon become relics.

Even transactions such as buying a car or a house could soon be managed through computer programs run on cryptocurrency platforms. Digital tokens representing money and other assets could ease electronic transactions that involve transfers of assets and payments, often without trusted third parties such as real estate settlement attorneys. Governments will still be needed to enforce contractual obligations and property rights, but software could someday take the place of other intermediaries, including bankers, accountants and lawyers.

SEATTLE — Digital currencies are a form of payment. You can use them in exchange for goods and services. 

Cryptocurrencies work using a technology called "Blockchain." It's essentially a very secure and permanent leger of all cryptocurrency transactions. It's able to connect computers from all around the world.

Some of the more common cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin. 

These digital currencies have skyrocketed in popularity over the past few years. However, in just the last week, something big happened in the crypto world. All the markets experienced a massive drop. For some cryptocurrencies, it was the biggest drop they'd seen in years.

The massive decline came after Tesla reversed course and said it would no longer allow you to buy a Tesla vehicle using Bitcoin. China's move toward cracking down on cryptocurrency use in the country also contributed to the drop that's now being dubbed "The Great Crypto Crash of 2021." A total of $1 trillion was wiped out from the market in just one week.

<strong class="cms__embed-related-story">RELATED: Investing 101: Tips for growing your wealth

Experts blame the market's erratic movement on it being so new. Scott Smallman, managing director of Wedbush Securities, says there just aren't as many players.

"The markets don't have the level of depth that they that they might have for, you know, Starbucks stock or something like that," he said.

Experts also point to amateurs investing in cryptocurrency with money they don't have. 

They're also owned by people who usually keep a close eye on the market. When the future looks uncertain, investors can quickly pull their money out. That's also known as panic selling. This can help exacerbate gains or losses on the crypto market.

Cryptocurrency investing has been one of the big news stories of 2021. Although the first Bitcoin was mined way back in 2009, it wasn’t until Bitcoin millionaires began being minted that crypto started grabbing the public’s attention. Now, new coins have flooded the market, and more millionaires have been created, as some coins have rallied 1,000%, 2,000% or even more. In the midst of all of these incredible gains, the natural question is whether or not it’s too late to invest in cryptocurrency. The truth is that no one can guarantee whether crypto will rise or fall from here, as it’s an entirely new market that is neither well-defined nor well-regulated. But there are clear arguments on both sides of the coin as to whether it’s time to buy or not.

Check Out: 10 Best Cryptocurrencies To Invest in for 2021 Consider: Dogecoin: Is It Still Worth an Investment?

One of the fears of entering the crypto market has always been that governments around the world will shut down acceptance and even production of the coins. That time may already be here. In late May 2021, China began cracking down hard on bitcoin mining and trading, which sent crypto prices cascading downwards. According to Boris Schlossberg, managing director at BK Asset Management, the primary reason for this crackdown was because “Chinese authorities are keen to see their own digital currency in the form of the yuan become the primary unit of account in the Chinese economy.” If other governments follow suit, demand and support for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies could falter.

The Economy and Your Money: All You Need To Know

If you’re a believer that the crypto market is another version of the stock market, there might be no better time to buy cryptos like Bitcoin because they are on sale. As of June 4, Bitcoin was more than 40% off its all-time high, and other cryptos had fallen by a similar amount or even more. As the history of Bitcoin has shown, massive drops like this are not at all unusual, and yet the cryptocurrency has managed to consistently climb to new highs. If you were curious about Bitcoin a few weeks ago, the current sell-off might be a chance to dip your toe into the market.

Explore: What Are Altcoins — and Are the Potential Rewards Worth the Risks?

Skeptics believe that cryptocurrency is an asset class with no store of value, no barrier to entry and no value as an exchange currency. As such, skeptics view crypto as simply a speculative asset class with no long-term viability as a true asset class. At a CNBC-hosted panel in Davos, Switzerland in 2019, Jeff Schumacher, founder of BCG Digital Ventures, had this to say about Bitcoin: “I do believe it will go to zero. I think it’s a great technology but I don’t believe it’s a currency. It’s not based on anything.” In 2020, famed investor Dennis Gartman offered the same assessment to Bloomberg, saying that if central banks “refuse to give up their monopoly on monetary policy, ” Bitcoin could one day plunge to zero.

Read: Where Does Cryptocurrency Come From?

Rather than seeing Bitcoin go to zero, believers like Ark Investment’s Cathie Wood suggest quite the opposite. The popular investment strategist and CEO believes that Bitcoin will actually hit $500,000. Part of the reason for Wood’s bullishness is her belief that asset managers will eventually allocate up to 5% of their portfolios to cryptocurrency. Greg Cipolaro and Dr. Ross Stevens, researchers at New York Digital Investment Group, support this belief, adding that “Increasing fundamental demand combined with a fixed supply and automatically declining supply growth make a compelling case for Bitcoin as an alternative investment for institutional investors.” The researchers are referring to the fact that the supply of Bitcoin is limited to 21 million coins.

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This article originally appeared on GOBankingRates.com: Is It Too Late To Invest In Cryptocurrency?

HOUSTON — It’s getting even easier to buy cryptocurrency. Some kiosks are now inside local grocery stores, like H-E-B. The Texas grocery store company is reportedly using Houston as a test market to figure out if its customers are interested in buying or selling cryptocurrency.

Coin Cloud kiosks are now inside some Houston-area H-E-Bs. You can find a location near you by using Coin Cloud’s interactive map which will lead you to a digital currency machine where you can buy more than 30 types of cryptocurrency.

H-E-B declined to share more details about the cryptocurrency kiosks in its stores. You can buy or sell cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin, at businesses across America.

“So H-E-B is essentially capitalizing on this idea that if they buy Coinstar or any of these other products where you provide a physical location for individuals to engage in the marketplace, that they can essentially take a part of that action,” said Detrich Von Biedenfeld a business law professor at UH-Downtown. “So it draws in individuals who might not otherwise participate.”

Bitcoin and Dogecoin are two of the most popular cryptocurrencies. They're digital coins that are not stored in a central database or backed by a central bank or government. The coins are part of a global economy. Von Biedenfeld said each coin is bought or sold through a blockchain transaction, which is basically a permanent and public digital ledger that tracks the purchase history of each coin. Cryptocurrency has been around for a while.

“But I think the pandemic, of course, sparked a number of considerations, including the idea of government instability, mistrust and a desire by individuals to essentially establish a community of individuals who have immutable transactions,” Biedenfeld said.

From Major League Baseball to Tesla, more companies are accepting cryptocurrency as a form of payment. El Salvador just tried to make it a legal tender along with the U.S. dollar. Some see cryptocurrency as an investment opportunity, one that can now be made while picking up toilet paper or fajitas.

The Biden administration recently met with other government officials, including staff members at the Treasury Department, to discuss the risks presented by the extreme volatility in cryptocurrency markets, the Washington Post reported on Tuesday, and how to prevent illicit activities that use crypto.

The White House has also discussed the matter with the Treasury department’s Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, although these talks did not include most senior-level officials like Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, two unnamed individuals told the Post.

Biden officials are reportedly looking at possible “gaps” in oversight of the crypto market, and whether such gaps might be exploited to fund illicit or terrorist activities, the Post reported.

They also discussed possible ways to protect retail investors who want to purchase cryptocurrency.

Although federal regulators don’t currently believe the massive swings in crypto prices pose a threat to overall financial market stability, they contend such risks are worth monitoring, the Post noted.

Forbes has reached out to the White House, Treasury Department and the CFPB for comment.

“[Federal officials are] aware of the fact that there are all kinds of risks [related to crypto] in the abstract and things to look out for, but they are still largely in a wait-and-see posture,” an unnamed person briefed on the discussions told the Post. 

Last week, the Treasury Department revealed a plan to raise $700 billion over the next 10 years to help fund Biden’s $1.8 trillion American Families Plan which included new tax enforcement provisions that seeks to put pressure on cryptocurrencies, crypto asset exchanges and crypto payment services to report transactions to the Internal Revenue Service in order to uncover unreported income or to detect incidences of tax evasion, money laundering and other illicit activities. The plan would also compel businesses to file a current transaction report if they receive cryptocurrency valued at more than $10,000 (as they are currently required to report cash payments above $10,000). Meanwhile, Bitcoin, the largest and most popular cryptocurrency, traded at around $38,000 on Tuesday at 1:20 p.m., a 36% plunge from May 9, partly due to worries about Chinese regulatory crackdowns on cryptocurrency transactions as well as comments made by Tesla chief Elon Musk about the climate impact of mining Bitcoins. Bitcoin hit an all-time high of almost $65,000 in mid-April.

Luke Lloyd, wealth advisor and investment strategist at Strategic Wealth Partners in Independence, Ohio, told Forbes that government regulation of crypto markets isn’t “necessarily a bad thing” as long as it doesn’t completely ban cryptocurrency. But he cautions that regulation can kill innovation, and could restrict the free markets from working properly. “In the end, the issue of volatility in the cryptomarkets will fix itself if cryptocurrency becomes what it’s supposed to, at least for the larger coins like Bitcoin and Ethereum,” he said. “As more players and money get involved with Bitcoin and Ethereum, the market cap will rise. As the market cap rises, volatility will shrink.”

$1.63 trillion. That’s the current total market cap of the entire crypto market, according to CoinMarketCap, however that figure has dropped about 36% from a peak of about $2.53 trillion in early May.

On Monday, Federal Reserve board governor Lael Brainard promoted the idea of a cryptocurrency backed by the central bank, saying it would, among other things, help to provide financial services to the 20% of Americans who are “underbanked.” In a speech at a conference presented by Coindesk, a crypto news site, she said: “We must explore, and try to anticipate the extent to which households’ and businesses’ needs and preferences may migrate further to digital payments over time.” She added that a digital dollar would be a “new type of central bank money issued in digital form for use by the general public.” Last week Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said the central bank plans to release a working paper this summer on the various facets of central bank digital currencies, suggesting the Fed is getting serious about the matter.

Allianz chief economic adviser Mohamed El-Erian warned on Monday that volatility is likely to be a permanent feature of cryptocurrencies.  “I think the volatility will continue,” he told CNBC. “The roller coaster, the up and down. We’ve traded in the $30,000 to $44,000 price range [for Bitcoin] in a week, that’s enormous.”

Elon Musk And Michael Saylor Lead Effort By Bitcoin Miners To Address Environmental Concerns (Forbes)

Billionaire Ray Dalio Reveals Bitcoin Investment But Warns Of Regulation Rocking Crypto Markets (Forbes)

What Is Bitcoin And How Does It Work? (Forbes)

I have more than 20 yrs experience in writing about financial markets. I am especially interested in history and literature.

You can buy more things than ever with cryptocurrency these days, from video games to new furniture. But should you?

“I wouldn’t,” says Kiana Danial, author of “Cryptocurrency Investing for Dummies” and the personality behind @Investdiva on Instagram. While there are a few circumstances where it can make sense, the practical answer for most people is no. 

Cryptocurrency markets are notoriously volatile, and the price you pay for an item today may not be what your purchase is worth tomorrow. Plus, many companies experimenting with crypto payments only accept Bitcoin, which experts say is one of the worst cryptos you could choose to pay for something. 

Nevertheless, people are interested in how crypto might work as a payment method. Nearly 20% of all U.S. adults say they’re likely to make a purchase using crypto, according to a recent report by PYMNTS.com, a news and research platform for payments and commerce. But before you cash in your Bitcoin to top up the balance on your Starbucks app, here’s what experts have to say about purchasing with crypto:Don’t Pay With Bitcoin

Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency, was originally intended to be used exactly like money. Its white paper dubbed it a “peer-to-peer electronic cash system.” But Bitcoin’s frequent and volatile price fluctuations make that unrealistic in practice. 

“The price volatility kind of makes it useless as an electronic cash system,” says Ollie Leech, learn editor at CoinDesk, a leading cryptocurrency news outlet. “No person in their right mind would want to buy a coffee with Bitcoin. Say you pay $3 for the coffee, and tomorrow your Bitcoin could be worth $30. That’s a loss.” 

Just one year ago, in June 2020, Bitcoin’s value was under $10,000. Since then, it reached a high of more than $64,000 and, despite a recent price drop, remains close to $40,000. Imagine a video game that cost $50 worth of Bitcoin last June. If you waited until today to buy it instead, the same price in Bitcoin today would now cost you $200. 

People buy Bitcoin “not because they expect to be able to go to the store and spend it, but because they expect it to hold its value,” says Galen Moore, director of data and indexes at CoinDesk.

What About Other Cryptos?

Bitcoin has failed at its intended mission to become a new currency, but experts say there are other cryptocurrencies better for transacting. “Every one of them are optimized for certain things. For example, you wouldn’t go to the store and pay for groceries with gold,” says Danial — in the same way you shouldn’t spend Bitcoin on your morning latte. 

Some popular cryptos specifically designed to work better for spending include Dash, Manero, and XRP, according to Danial. Stablecoins, like Tether or USD coin, can also make better alternatives for purchasing, since their prices are tied to existing currencies. 

“There are coins that are more like cash,” says Pat White, co-founder and CEO of Bitwave, a company that helps businesses with crypto tax reporting. These coins are a better choice for spending, in theory, thanks to faster processing and lower fees. “They are designed to be spent and used very quickly.”

But in reality, there’s still a downside to using crypto developed to mimic cash to make payments. Take Bitcoin Cash (BCH), for example. BCH came about after the original Bitcoin proved itself too volatile to be used as a new kind of internet money. A group of creators decided to split off from the original crypto and create Bitcoin Cash, which was designed as a more stable version to be used for transactions.  But in practice, Bitcoin Cash is still highly volatile. In the last year its price has run from around $250 per coin to over $1,500, highlighting the risk of using it to buy something at the wrong time.

Taxes are another complication. While you don’t need to report your crypto purchases to the IRS, you do need to report when trading a cryptocurrency for goods or services. Each time you make a purchase using crypto, you need to track your cost basis, or the fair market value of the crypto when you bought it versus when you used to transact, and report that capital gain or loss.

Are There Other Real-World Uses For Crypto?

For American citizens in America, “There’s probably not going to be a good reason to buy things in crypto,” Danial says.  

That’s because the U.S. dollar fluctuates less than the vast majority of cryptocurrencies out there. However, when you consider a currency that’s less safe and stable than the U.S. dollar, the case for cryptocurrency payments increases, says Roger Aliaga-Díaz, principal and senior economist with Vanguard Investment Strategy Group.

Take a volatile currency like the Iranian Rial. “It loses value every single day,” Danial says. “I’m Iranian, my parents are as well, and whenever they go to Iran they try to never convert any money to Rial, because it just goes down.”

Would You Ever Buy Things With Crypto?

While it’s not the wisest financial decision, crypto payments can provide an alternative transaction method for those who don’t have the necessary requirements for opening a bank account, or can’t access traditional financing in a certain place. For example, unbanked people can transfer money to others, even internationally, using their crypto wallets, or make purchases using crypto with participating merchants using apps like BitPay, all without the need to go through traditional financial institutions.

Some people may also choose to buy goods with crypto to capitalize upon the speed of transaction. Globally, “a lot of deals are being made with crypto,” Danial says. “Like, maybe a prince in Dubai wants to buy a Lamborghini from Italy, and wants it immediately and doesn’t want to wait for deposits and bank information and everything, so they purchase it using crypto.”

Crypto transactions are also relatively anonymous — which is why they have a reputation as being used by criminals to buy and sell on online black markets. Crypto’s prevalence as a form of payment for illegal trades persists. It played a role in recovering the Colonial Pipeline — a key gas line servicing the U.S. Gulf and East Coasts — last month, after hackers shut down its computer systems until they were paid $4.4 million in Bitcoin. The U.S. government has since seized back $2.3 million of that ransom fee (most of what was originally paid, since the price of Bitcoin has dipped recently). 

As for businesses willing to accept payment in crypto, expect to see more as Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies grow in popularity. Some companies may be looking to cash in on the latest craze, or take part in the novelty of a new payment form, while others believe cryptocurrency is the way of the future. A bullish perspective on the future of crypto was behind Tesla’s recent decision to begin offering the option to pay with Bitcoin, although the company declared it would stop accepting Bitcoin payments for cars last month, citing concerns about its environmental impact. 

There may be a future in which digital currencies become more commonplace forms of payments, but for the average American crypto investor considering paying for groceries in crypto, “I think we are not there yet,” says Danial. 

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The meteoric rise of bitcoin - from $10,000 since last year’s list to an all-time high of $65,000 this April –  and other major cryptocurrencies over the past few months secured a record eight spots on this year’s Fintech 50 list for blockchain and cryptocurrency focused companies. The ensuing wave of institutional adoption also brought hordes of capital to crypto startups, giving birth to new crypto unicorns (companies with a $1 billion plus valuation) and signaling a ‘coming of age’ for the industry.

First-time members include crypto lending platform BlockFi, which scored a $350 million investment, the third largest venture round ever among crypto startups, in March at a whopping $3 billion valuation, and Paxos, a blockchain infrastructure company best known as the partner for PayPal PYPL and Venmo’s crypto brokerage services, providing access to bitcoin, ether and a handful of other major cryptocurrencies to more than 350 million customers. 

Other debutants include leading cryptocurrency custodians Anchorage and Fireblocks. As more corporations and institutional investors awoke to the crypto disruption and engaged in amassing sizable bitcoin positions, crypto custody services saw a massive spike in interest. In January, Anchorage became one of the first crypto-native firms to be granted a conditional national trust bank charter by the Comptroller of the Currency, while Fireblocks saw a 2023% growth over the previous year, having transferred over half a trillion dollars in digital assets since launch in 2019. 

Amid the novel non-fungible token (NFT) frenzy, San-Francisco-based Alchemy emerged as a new breed of fintech leaders. Alchemy’s technology powers just about every major NFT platform, including OpenSea, Nifty Gateway, and NBA Top Shot, connecting users to the Ethereum blockchain, on which most non-fungible tokens, or digital collectibles, are built. 

But the veterans are still going strong. Cryptocurrency investigation and compliance company Chainalysis, previously included in the 2018 and 2020 iterations of the Fintech 50 list, achieved a unicorn status in November after closing a $100 million Series C financing round. Chainalysis could be dubbed as “the guardian of crypto” as it is helping government agencies in 50 countries analyze blockchain data to investigate illicit transactions and ensure compliance with anti-money laundering regulations. 

One notable graduate of the list is Coinbase, the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the United States, which shook the industry and public markets with its April 14 Nasdaq debut – the largest direct listing in history. At one point during the opening day, Coinbase’s market cap exceeded $100 billion, setting a high bar for crypto startups still eyeing a public offering. Two of this year’s members, Kraken and Gemini (also cryptocurrency exchanges), have discussed going public in the future. 

But fintech is no longer just a tale of corporate success. Cryptocurrency lenders and exchanges are slowly giving way to the new hot shot of the class - decentralized finance (DeFi). An umbrella term for blockchain-based applications and protocols aiming to replace traditional financial intermediaries like banks and brokerages, DeFi skyrocketed in popularity and market capitalization over the past 12 months – from just over $1 billion in locked value in June 2020 to the current $67.9 billion. The largest among DeFi platforms are lending and borrowing protocols, such as Aave and MakerDAO, and decentralized exchanges like Uniswap and SushiSwap – all built on Ethereum. DeFi’s rise contributed to the surge of ether, Ethereum’s native cryptocurrency, which hit an all-time high of over $4,000 earlier in May. Although ineligible for the Fintech 50 list because of their composition, they deserve recognition for their success and ingenuity.

Alchemy

Headquarters: San Francisco, CA 

Sometimes called an Amazon Web Services for crypto, the company’s user interface lets non-coders write and read info on a blockchain. Alchemy provides the service for free to some clients, but charges $49 a month and up to others. Users include traditional organizations like PwC and UNICEF and crypto players like Dapper Labs, creator of the Flow blockchain. 

Funding: $96 million from Coatue, Addition and Pantera and individual investors such as Charles Schwab, Peter Thiel, Reid Hoffman, Jay Z and Will Smith. 

Latest valuation: $505 million

Bona fides: Despite having just 22 employees, its infrastructure has been used for $30 billion in transactions and has been key to the NFT explosion. 

Cofounders: CEO Nikil Viswanathan 33 and CTO  Joseph Lau, 31

Anchorage

Headquarters: San Francisco, CA 

Regulated custodian offering institutions lending, trading, financing and staking of crypto. In January, Anchorage, a South Dakota trust company, became among the first crypto-native firms to be granted a conditional national trust bank charter by the Comptroller of the Currency.

Funding: $137 million from Andreessen Horowitz, Blockchain Capital, the sovereign wealth fund for the Singapore state government and others

Latest valuation: $520 million, according to Pitchbook

Bona fides:  Working with partner (and investor) Visa V , served as custodian for first stablecoin payment on the Visa network 

Cofounders: CEO Nathan McCauley, 35 and President Diogo Monica, 35

BlockFi

Headquarters: Jersey City, NJ

Fashioning itself as a crypto wealth manager, BlockFi offers its 300,000 account holders crypto-collateralized loans at interest rates as low as 4.5% and up to 8.6% annual return on their crypto holdings via interest-bearing accounts. The four-year old startup is also preparing to launch a bitcoin-reward credit card.

Funding: $504 million from Tiger Global Management, Susquehanna Government Products, Pomp Investments and others

Latest valuation: $3 billion

Bona fides: Over the past year, assets under management have grown from $1 billion to $20 billion, while monthly revenues have jumped from $1 million to more than $45 million and its workforce has expanded from 75 to 500. 

Cofounders: CEO Zac Prince, 34, and SVP of operations Flori Marquez, 29, a member of the 2021 Forbes 30 under 30 list

Chainalysis:

Headquarters: New York City

This blockchain analysis pioneer with 200-plus employees helps governments and businesses in 50 countries analyze blockchain data to investigate illicit transactions and ensure compliance with anti-money laundering and know-your-customer regulations. 

Funding: $266 million from Addition, Accel, Benchmark and others

Latest valuation: $2 billion

Bona fides: Has 350 clients including the IRS, Gemini, Barclays and Square SQ .

Cofounders: CEO Michael Gronager, 50; Chief Strategy Officer Jonathan Levin, 31; and  former CTO Jan Moller, 49

Fireblocks:

Headquarters: New York City 

This cryptocurrency institutional custody startup is already helping more than 250 clients, including BNY Mellon, Revolut and other banks, fintechs, exchanges and hedge funds store and transfer a wide variety of digital assets. It both serves as a custodian and helps larger institutions establish in-house custody services.  

Funding: $179 million from Coatue, Ribbit, Silicon Valley Bank and others

Latest valuation: $700 million

Bona fides: Has already transferred nearly $700 billion in digital assets since launching, reflecting a 2023% increase over the previous year.

Cofounders: CEO Michael Shaulov, 38 and CTO Idan Ofrat, 39

Gemini:

One of the earliest crypto exchanges, it has grown to 350 employees and now conducts some $30 billion in transactions annually. As a licensed and regulated New York trust company, it’s well positioned for growing institutional adoption of crypto. Recently expanded into non-fungible tokens with the purchase of Nifty Gateway, now the largest NFT exchange. 

Latest valuation: $5 billion

Bona fides: As of late March, Nifty Gateway had sold $132 million of the $188 million worth of such work bought by collectors

Cofounders: CEO Tyler Winklevoss, 39 and president Cameron Winklevoss, 39, twins made famous for early legal battle with Mark Zuckerberg over the idea for Facebook. 

Kraken

Headquarters: San Francisco, California 

Second largest cryptocurrency exchange in the U.S. by transaction volume. Became the first U.S. cryptocurrency firm to receive a banking charter, obtaining a Special Purpose Depository Institution license in Wyoming, and plans to open Kraken Bank and provide accounts to current clients  this fall. Also operates reference rate and index provider, CF Benchmarks, which is used to display prices or price derivatives and indexes by Bloomberg, CME Group CME , and Nasdaq, among others.

Funding: $32 million. Also, undisclosed private equity round in April 2021

Latest valuation: Shares are trading in private markets at an implied $20 billion valuation 

Bona fides: Processed more than $230 billion in trading volume as of May 3. Average daily derivatives volume of $690 million 

Cofounder and CEO: Jesse Powell, a Cal State philosophy major whose first venture helped online gamers manage in-game currencies

Paxos

Founded (as itBit) way back in 2012, the blockchain infrastructure provider has quietly built a backbone for Paypal and Venmo’s crypto brokerage services that allows their customers to buy, hold and sell bitcoin, ethereum and a few other cryptocurrencies directly from their accounts. Additionally, Societe Generale, Credit Suisse and Nomura Instinet use Paxos’ blockchain-based service to settle trades directly with each other, without the traditional intermediary, the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC)

Funding: $537 million from PayPal Ventures, Declaration Partners and others

Latest valuation: $2.4 billion

Bona fides: More than 100 institutional clients 

Cofounders: CEO Charles Cascarilla, 44 (a former Goldman Sachs financial analyst) and CEO Asia Rich Teo, 41

I report on cryptocurrencies and emerging use cases of blockchain. Born and raised in Russia, I graduated from NYU Abu Dhabi with a degree in economics and Columbia

I report on cryptocurrencies and emerging use cases of blockchain. Born and raised in Russia, I graduated from NYU Abu Dhabi with a degree in economics and Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, where I focused on data and business reporting. 

KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (WVLT) - There has been a lot of talk about Cryptocurrency recently, but what exactly is it?

Cryptocurrency is a form of digital currency and there are 10,000 different ones currently being traded publicly. Bitcoin is the most recognizable. We asked, John Vandergriff with Blue Ridge Wealth Planners why is it so popular?

“People want to have alternatives to invest in largely outside of stocks, bonds and cash and so that’s one reason, is just trying to find alternative ways to make money,” Vandergriff said. “I think the other thing that has infused in popularity is the Elon Musk’s of the world and people that are giving validation to this is causing younger generations to say ‘oh well, this is a legitimate option we need to put in and obviously when more money chases after something you see an increase in value.”

The currency is backed by Blockchain technology. Something Vandergriff said is almost too secure.

“It’s one of those things it’s almost too safe, because you get five chances to try your password and then something can be locked away forever, and so you can have amounts of Bitcoin that will never be seen again because that Blockchain technology is almost too secure in some ways,” Vandergriff said.

Vandergriff said it’s important to understand cryptocurrency fully before you invest.

“The thing that’s wild about all cryptocurrencies but specifically Bitcoin is it trades 24 hours a day, So, what we’re used to is a stock market exchange that opens at nine and closes at four and then you can sleep and know that nothing’s changing,” Vandergriff said. “You can go to sleep at one price with Bitcoin and wake up and it’s totally different because the other side of the world is trading it.”

“What I’ve been telling a lot of people is, you know at this stage of the game, you want to put money into Bitcoin that you don’t ever care to not see again,” Vandergriff said. “And if you look at your money and say ‘I don’t have any of that,’ then maybe you wait a little bit and let this thing mature and figure itself out.”

Copyright 2021 WVLT. All rights reserved.

A rare 101.38-carat pear-shaped diamond will be auctioned on July 9 in Hong Kong and is expected to get bids in the neighborhood of $15 million.

The shape and size are not the only rare elements of this gem. For the first time, a high-value luxury item will accept cryptocurrency as a form of payment.

Famed auction house Sotheby's announced Monday that the auction will be a part of its inaugural “Luxury Edit” sale series and will be the first time that a diamond of this size would accept a cryptocurrency as payment. 

Ether and traditional cash will also be accepted as payment.

The move helps cryptocurrency become a more familiar form for transactions. El Salvador recently became the first country to adopt bitcoin as legal tender, while residents in Mexico, Venezuela and Cuba are also reportedly turning more towards cryptocurrencies.

The live single-lot auction starts on July 9, but Sotheby’s will be using its hybrid online and live bidding process, as well. The online bidding will open on June 25.

“This is a truly symbolic moment. The most ancient and emblematic denominator of value can now, for the first time, be purchased using humanity’s newest universal currency," Asia Patti Wong, chairman of Sotheby’s, said in a statement. 

This diamond will be one of 10 diamonds ever to be auctioned containing more than 100 carats, with only two of them ever being pear-shaped. Pear-shaped diamonds are among the most desired, part of Britain’s Crown Jewels includes a 530 carat Cullinan diamond in the shape of a pear.

The sparkly colorless diamond is named Key 10138 which goes in hand with the importance of “keys” in cryptocurrency. When using your cryptocurrency “wallet,” your account has an address that is seen as a public “key,” while the user also owns a private “key” only known to them to sign transactions.

“Diamonds are keys to understanding the history of the Earth, reminding us of our human condition and the transcendental power of beauty, with the name ‘The Key 10138,’ we wanted to celebrate this enlightening virtue, while also alluding to the crucial function of digital keys in the world of NFTs and cryptocurrency,” said Wenhao Yu, deputy chairman of Sotheby’s Jewelry in Asia.

Sotheby’s stated that the sale of this diamond comes at a time when there is increased demand for white diamonds, particularly of this quality. Diamonds are attracting more young and new buyers.

The top price paid for a colorless diamond was $30.8 million. The bid took place in 2013 at another Sotheby’s auction in Hong Kong for a 118.28-carat diamond.

New York-based fund issuer and asset management firm VanEck filed today with the Securities and Exchange Commission to launch a Digital Assets ETF, capitalizing on an ever-growing appetite from retail investors for exposure to the broader blockchain and crypto industry. 

Digital assets is a broad term to describe everything from cryptocurrencies, to blockchain-based financial services, to tokenized physical assets and commodities. According to a filing published today by the SEC, the VanEck fund seeks to invest in companies with at least 50% of their revenues from the global digital assets segment, including semiconductor and online money transfer companies.

There are similar digital asset funds offered by other managers on the market today, but they are limited to accredited investors. The VanEck ETF would be a first for retail investors. In Canada, Montreal-based Exponential Ventures and Vancouver’s 3iQ have listed a Digital Asset Fund on the equity crowdfunding platform FrontFundr.

While there are already several blockchain ETFs on the market, these funds generally hold stocks with a diverse exposure of interests in blockchain and crypto. This can range from semiconductor companies like Nvidia, AMD, and TSMC, which all have a hand in producing silicon used by bitcoin miners, to computer hardware vendors like Asus and Gigabyte, which integrate said silicon into graphics cards used in the mining process.

The issue for investors is that these companies are affected by other macro trends, such as the popularity of PC gaming, a successful iPhone launch, or fallout from COVID-19. Although some ETFs hold publicly-traded miners like Riot Blockchain, investors are hard-pressed to find pure exposure to the burgeoning technology services sector that uses blockchain technology. 

In 2019, technology market research house Gartner published a report that said blockchain technology will create more than $176 billion dollars worth of business value by 2025 and $3.1 trillion by 2030.

According to the filing, the ETF will invest in digital asset exchanges, payment gateways, mining operations, software services, equipment and technology or services to the digital asset industry, digital asset infrastructure businesses, or companies facilitating commerce with the use of digital assets, among others.

The filing also notes that the fund will invest in companies that hold significant amounts of digital assets on their balance sheets, presumably referring to firms like Microstrategy which holds over a billion dollars of Bitcoin.  Should Coinbase’s IPO prove to be a success, it would also give investors a chance to hold macro exposure to the subsequent IPOs of exchanges. 

VanEck’s ETF is designed for investors who are looking for exposure to the digital assets, but unwilling or unable to put the time into physically holding assets like Bitcoin themselves.

Valkyrie Digital Assets filed an application on Friday for a bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF), the second such filing in the last 30 days.

The Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund would be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC would serve as the custodian for the proposed ETF, according to Dallas-registered Valkyrie Investments, the parent of Valkyrie Digital Assets,.

Leah Wald, CEO of Valkyrie Investments, told CoinDesk, “Our executive team has previously launched multiple ETFs, publicly traded funds, and ETPs, including bitcoin funds.”

Wald explains the team behind the ETF includes, “Steven McClurg and John Key who have collectively worked on over 100 esoteric and novel deals that have passed regulatory scrutiny.”

At the end of December, VanEck re-submitted an application to the SEC for a VanEck Bitcoin Trust ETF.

While an ETF is seen as advantageous because it trades on the stock market in much the same way as shares in popular companies such as Apple and Microsoft, over the years the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has rejected bitcoin ETF proposals due to concerns about market volatility and industry manipulation. 

In August 2018, it rejected nine such proposals on the same day.

Read more: The Case for a Bitcoin ETF

Still, there’ve been signs the SEC is warming to the idea. In October 2020, then-Chairman Jay Clayton, who many saw as lukewarm toward crypto, said the agency was still open to considering ETF proposals.

Now, with a new administration causing a changing of the guard at the SEC, it is widely hoped by crypto advocates that such an ETF will be approved in 2021. Clayton stepped down officially last month and was replaced by Gary Gensler, who is widely seen as being more pro-crypto than is his predecessor.

Also adding to optimism is this month’s departure of Dalia Blass, the director of the SEC’s division of investment management. Blass was the author of a 2018 letter within the SEC expressing concerns that the bitcoin market was not large enough or liquid enough to be ready for an exchange-traded product.

CORRECTION (Jan. 23, 18:03 UTC: Changes to note that Valkyrie Investments is based in Dallas, not Valkyrie Digital Assets.